


Introduction
In the second of this six-part outdoor skills series, mountain leader Simon Stokes explores the basics principles of outdoor clothing, what you need to pack and why, and how to pack it safely and securely.
“Be prepared” is the Cub Scout Motto, and by this they mean, be prepared for every eventuality.
Having this mindset to your day out and in particular your clothing and equipment is very important, in fact it could be life changing. If you don’t have the correct clothing you could get too hot or cold, which could end up with heatstroke or hypothermia. Also not having the correct equipment could mean getting lost, or being unable to deal with emergencies.
The correct equipment and clothing should be reviewed, purchased and trialled well before your journey day.
Clothing
The main consideration that should inform your clothing is weather. Are you dressing for winter or summer conditions? Even in summer, it’s possible to experience all four seasons in one day so being prepared for all eventualities is important in either case. However, you may need to think about dedicated winter-grade clothing and equipment, depending on location and time of year – more on that later.
Whatever the weather conditions, there are some common principles to outdoor clothing, the first of which is all about layering. There are three parts to any good layer system: base layer (wicking tops and bottoms with thermal and drying properties); mid-layer (breathable clothing with higher thermal properties such as fleeces or softshell long-sleeved jackets and trousers); outer layer (waterproof and windproof clothing such as waterproof jackets, trousers, thicker gloves and gaiters).
Layering your clothing correctly is essential for maintaining a comfortable body temperature and ensuring moisture management. Start with a wicking base layer to keep sweat off your skin, followed by an insulating mid-layer, and top it off with a protective outer layer to shield against wind and rain. Avoid cotton as it traps moisture and dries slowly, instead opt for synthetic fabrics or merino wool which offer better thermal properties and quick drying times. For winter hikes, consider additional layers and gear like crampons and an ice axe, and always prepare for sudden weather changes.
When selecting clothing and accessories, don’t forget about your extremities. Your head, hands, and feet are the first places to get affected by weather extremes, so having a warm pair of socks, gloves, and a hat to wear, along with some spares, is essential at any time of the year. Additionally, consider other accessories like a neck gaiter or buff, which can provide extra warmth and flexibility in different weather conditions. Protecting your extremities is crucial because they can lose heat quickly, leading to discomfort or even frostbite in severe cases.
Footwear
Footwear is another vital element of your outdoor gear. With various technologies and features available for every activity, ensuring your boots have good grip to avoid slips and trips, adequate waterproof properties to keep your feet dry, thermal protection to keep them warm, and ankle support to protect the lower leg is essential. Choosing the right footwear based on your physiology, the activity, terrain, and conditions will help you stay comfortable and safe. Trying on boots at a good outdoor shop to ensure a proper fit is crucial to avoid sore feet or blisters.
Now, you need something to carry your spare clothing and additional equipment. Rucksacks come in all shapes and sizes, from small 25L day packs to larger 60L expedition packs. A 40L rucksack is typically sufficient for a full day in the mountains, providing enough space for spare clothing, equipment, food, and water. Ensure your rucksack fits well, is packed tightly, and doesn’t move around too much when walking to avoid unwanted aches and pains.
Everything you put in your rucksack should be kept dry with dry sacks or even plastic bags or bin liners. I use separate sized and coloured dry sacks to easily locate what I need:
Big dry sack: additional clothing
- Synthetic down jacket
- Spare mid or base layer
- Waterproof jacket and trousers
- Gaiters
- Gloves and spare
- Warm hat and spare
- Midge net
- Bivvy bag/foil blanket/blizzard bag
Small dry sack:
- Map and compass and spare
- GPS or smartphone mapping with battery bank and charger lead
- Suntan cream and insect repellent
- Head torch and spare batteries
- Swiss army knife/multitool
- Sunglasses
- Whistle
- Repair kit (tie wraps, paracord, elastic bands, safety pins, gaffer tape etc)
- First aid